Apps for electronics hobbyist - Simplify Work

Solar power stations outside Earth

Solar panel arrays are being used to power space stations for a long time, but harnessing energy from outer space is still at beginning stage. In Earth solar panel arrays are used to harness electric energy during the day time. A huge portion of solar energy is lossed due to reflection and absorption by the atmosphere.

Solar energy has to be stored in battery to backup for times when sunlight is not available . If space based solar stations are successful then we can harness solar energy for 24/7. In 2015 Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA) transmitted 1.8 kilowatts of energy across a distance of 55 meter using microwaves. Safety protocols for transmitting such waves should be taken into consideration by the nations.

There is still a long way to go to achieve this but if proper resources are available then space based solar stations can provide remote electricity to anywhere on Earth.

Lack of hadrware fabrication in India affects ISRO

India's absence of hardware fabricating biological system harming ISRO's space plans

India's space office had wanted to work just as dispatch seventeen home-developed satellites in 2019. It, be that as it may, figured out how to convey just about half because of a deficiency of electronic parts.

Nonattendance of a powerful home-developed gadgets biological system is harming the aggressive targets set by Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), which has arranged in excess of sixty missions throughout the following five years. These incorporate structure new age correspondence earth-perception satellites, heavier rockets, return missions to the moon and Mars, and its first human space flight attempt

Every one of these shuttle and rockets need solid electronic parts and frameworks. Over portion of the gadgets segments on an a rocket are imported as they have to satisfy stringent standards. These hence for such parts is just going to increment as the space office space flight attempt. huge satellite and about a tenth segments ought to be dependable, radiation solidified and work through the mission life of a satellite, which could be upwards of fifteen years. The need turns out to be progressively forceful in seeking after front line missions.

Water Filled Headphones - INMERGO

Water rather than air carries sound in designer Rocco Giovannoni's Inmergo headphones, which promise rich audio even for people who are hard of hearing.

A 2019 graduate of the Royal College of Art's MA in Design Products, Giovannoni designed the soft silicone headphones to improve upon current bone-conduction audio technology.

Like other bone-conduction headphones on the market, his design  bypasses the eardrum and conveys sound as vibrations through the bones of the skull, directly to the cochlea — the "hearing" part of the inner ear.

Unlike any other device on the market, it does so via waterproof speakers that are fully immersed in liquid and then sealed in a pliable membrane. This membrane sits against a person's skin, transmitting sound vibrations through touch.

While existing bone-conduction headphones have proved popular among people who are deaf or have some hearing loss — as well as cyclists who want to listen to music but remain aware of their surroundings — the devices are hampered by poor sound-quality.

"I believe these are wasting an opportunity for a technology that has the potential of improving the music quality of common earphones and headphones," said Giovannoni.

"Inmergo aims to unravel the undiscovered potential of bone conduction by delivering innovative and inclusive sound experiences that can improve the quality of our life."

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Inmergo does not quite match the sound experience of traditional headphones; instead, it offers a high-fidelity audio experience that's all of its own.

Giovannoni describes it as "immersive omnidirectional" sound with richer bass. "It feels like you're inside the song," says one wide-eyed subject in Inmergo's user testing video.

Another tester, a deaf person with a unilateral cochlear implant, described it as one of the best listening experiences of her life.

Inmergo is a novel patent-pending audio technology availing of bone conduction through liquid and gels as sound media. It generates an omnidirectional surround effect and gives richness and vibrotactile feedback to the low-end enhancing a more immersive perception of sound. By bypassing the outer and middle ear, it is inclusive to people with hearing loss and cochlear implants

Click here to visit official Link

Sound Reactive LED and LED STRIP

Hi friends in this article you can learn about how to make a sound reactive LED or sound reactive LED strip. Here the LED turns ON and OFF with respect to the beats of the music.These lights glow according to the length and pitch  of music beats, basically these are designed to pick the high intensity sound like Bass sound. So here you can learn how to synchronize lights with music.

Components Required

• Condenser Mic

• 2- NPN Transistor BC547

• Resistors- 10k (2),  1M (1), 1K(if using LED)

• Ceramic Capacitor 100nF

• 1 LED or LED Strip

• 9v Battery

• Breadboard and connecting wires

Working of Circuit

For LED

In this Simple LED Music Light Circuit, condenser mic picks up the sound signals and converts them into voltage levels. These voltage signals are further fed into R-C filter or HIGH PASS filter , to eliminate the noise from the sound. Further a NPN transistor ( BC547) is used to amplify the signals, from the High Pass filter. Then finally these music signals are given to the transistor. Transistor in this works as amplifier, and glows the  LEDs according to the sound pattern. This generates a very interesting sequence of dancing LEDs which follows the beats as per their intensity or pitch. We can also add more LEDs with transistor to make it cooler.

We can adjust the sensitivity of MIC by changing the value of 100nf and 1M, by using the formula for R-C filter:

 F = 1/ (2πRC)

F is the cut off frequency, means filter only allow frequency above than F. It can be easily deduced that more the value of RC, less the cut off frequency and higher the sensitivity of MIC. And higher the sensitive of circuit means MIC can pick low volume sounds, hence LEDs can glow on low pitch music also. So by adjusting its sensitivity we can make it less sensitive to reacts only on high note beats or we can also make it more sensitive to react on every little beat in the music. Here we have set its sensitivity at moderate level.

Condenser Mic should be connected properly in the circuit, according to its polarity. To determine the polarity of MIC one should look at mic terminals, the terminal which have three soldering lines, is the negative terminal.

Transistor BC547 is a NPN transistor, which is used as a Amplifier here. NPN transistor acts as a open switch when there is no voltage applied on its Base (B) and it acts as closed switch when these is some voltage at its base. Generally 0.7 volt is enough to get it fully conducted. 

For LED strip

The circuit is as similar as used for LED but the difference is that the change of LED into LED strip and removing the resistor and providing enough supply needed for led strip .

Bluetooth 5.0 Development Board Cypress CYW20819

The CYW20819 is a advanced Bluetooth 5.0 development board which can be programmed using Modus Toolbox. These Bluetooth 5.0 board have a very large operation range which is around  100 meters in indoor and 200 meters in outdoor, It made IoT possible in Bluetooth. This board has data transfer speed up to 3MBPS.



 Applications featuring Bluetooth connectivity are trending towards lower power,more application-level features, and smaller BoM cost and board space. The CYW20819 Bluetooth Wireless MCU enables you to meet all these critical requirements.

CYW20819 also supports value-add application features by having a powerful Arm Cortex-M4 CPU and a host of peripheral blocks like ADC, SPI, UART, and I2C that aid in interfacing with external on-board sensors. The presence of these peripheral blocks, on-chip flash memory, and integrated buck and LDO regulators also enables reduced BoM cost and PCB footprint. Cypress’s advanced CMOS manufacturing process and the support for various system power modes enable you to design battery-operated,low-power applications using CYW20819.The device is intended for use in audio(source), sensors (medical, home, security), HID and remote-control  functionality, as well as a host of other IoT applications.

The below figure is the block diagram of CYW  20819

Interfacing Led With Raspberry PI ENGLISH